I worked for the California state system, starting as a Correctional Officer and retiring as a Lieutenant in 2005. I now write for the PacoVilla blog which is concerned with what could broadly be called The Correctional System.
The California prisons I am familiar with did not have outside surveillance on a routine basis when I retired nearly 13 years ago. There is, however, no legal prohibition against doing so. Were I setting up such as thing I would do it on the entrance road(s), which are usually very defined and limited. You would get better utility for money spent that way.
Pretty much all kinds. They need money to pay protection is a good one, or to buy "necessities" from the canteen. It is often just a generalized guilt trip. Sounds to me like maybe your mother needs a conservator.
Your chance of dying on the job from those causes is very, very small statistically. You are much more likely to be seriously injured or catch some nasty disease. Best advice there is to keep your situational awareness dialed up and don't do anything really stupid. First year on the job is a learning curve. Ask questions, keep your eyes and ears open. You will find out quickly which staff are truly interesting in training and developing newbies and which are not. Learn from the good ones. Avoid or ignore the jerks as much as possible.
I am only strongly familiar with the CA system. In California the spouse of a convict can be hired as a correctional officer. In other states, or in county jurisdictions, the civil service rules may be different. That being said, generally speaking employers can not discriminate against the families of convicted felons without a very good reason for doing so.
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I depends a whole lot on circumstances. If the inmate is in his cell and the tier officer is not doing anything else he can notify the inmate very quickly. Then the inmate just has to get dressed, get out and go. If the inmate is on the yard or at a work assignment it can take a LOT longer. Sometimes they can not get off of work assignments to visit. Sometimes they don't answer pages off of the yard or they take their time about it. They may have to return to their cell from the yard or work to clean up and get properly dressed. That takes yet more time. Obviously the time lag varies tremendously.
I have absolutely no idea whatsoever. This is a question that should be directed to the individual lawyer or the bar association.
Sort of-maybe-possibly. Part of the job requirement for a peace officer is a satisfactory record as a law abiding citizen. If you have done things like writing bad checks, etc. that were civil matters but not criminal that could be an issue. Also, showing repeated crappy judgement could be an issue. Some things, like having bad credit due to a foreclosure or car repo due to losing a job or something similar beyond your control would not be so much of an issue. This is one of those things where the back story is more important than the fact of having bad credit itself. I know people who were on welfare and food stamps before becoming cops and who got in with no problem and did OK on the job.
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